13 years ago this month, Great Lakes United and the Canadian Environmental Law Association released a prescient report on the threats of water diversion and wasteful water use in the Great Lakes. “The Fate of the Lakes: Sustaining or Draining the Sweetwater Seas?” was released on the 12th anniversary of the Great Lakes Charter, and it’s remarkable to think how well timed this report really was.
Water diversion threats were looming, and mega-diversion projects drifted in and out of the public and policy radar. But, when the Nova Group proposal hit two years later, diversion would strike Great Lakes politicians and citizens square between the eyes. In a nutshell, Nova Group proposed to fill a tanker with Lake Superior water and ship it off to Asia. The province of Ontario granted the company a permit to take the water. The public was irate. In the end, Nova Group returned the permit and the Great Lakes Charter was proven inadequate. The wheels began turning on what would eventually become the Great Lakes Compact, and its sister international agreement.
“The Fate of the Great Lakes” was truly a document ahead of its day. At age 13 it is the most regularly requested report that I receive, and today, as Great Lakes United continues to unroll our 3-year Great Lakes Water Conservation Initiative, I thought I’d share some interesting tidbits from 1997.
Are we there yet?:
It is our hope that this report will achieve what the charter has failed to accomplish by instilling a long-overdue conservation ethic into all realms of the Great Lakes. It will become the basis of our citizens’ campaign for a sustainable water strategy for the Great Lakes, which includes the goal of reducing human use of water by 50 percent by the year 2005. (p.5)
The more things change, the more they stay the same:
Many of the threats for water withdrawals are coming from within the Great Lakes from municipalities projecting growth beyond what nature’s water budgets supply. The demands from these areas could cumulate to have the same impacts as large-scale diversion proposals. (p. 6)
Most government jurisdictions, including municipalities, do not recognize limits to growth, wanting more residential subdivisions, shopping malls, and industrial “parks” to pop up on the edge of town. This means that they need more water to serve these expanding uses. If local supply is inadequate, they often look to divert water from somewhere else. As a result, the water diversion issue is really a development issue. Rather than defining the problem as a lack of water, it is necessary to recognize that the problem is excess or misplaced growth. (p. 10)
It is not an acceptable solution to water shortages in a region to pipe it from somewhere else. Sustainability means leaving our pipe dreams in the past and properly managing the water resources available in any given region. (p. 10)
Calls for a stronger IJC:
On the basis of the work the IJC has already carried out in this field, the IJC should go beyond pointing out the problems in water levels, quantity and diversions; it should also more seriously assess the activities of the governments in this field, especially the implementation of the Great Lakes Charter. It should take a leadership role in developing the components of a Sustainable Great Lakes Water Strategy and in urging the governments to adopt such a strategy. The IJC should then play a strong role in evaluating progress in implementing such a strategy. (p. 48)
You can’t flush the problem away:
Sustaining the sweetwater seas requires that water be conserved, not squandered; that communities be planned around the availability of water resources; and that storm and waste waters be managed as a resource, not discarded as a waste. (p. 57)
Water conservation – always economical:
Effective water management now will maximize opportunities for the development of economically sound communities while maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem. (p. 58)
A reasonable price for water would be one that reflects the cost of the services required to supply it and treat it after use in order to maintain it in the long-term for future generations. (p. 60)
When combined with real cost pricing for water consumption, the extraordinary costs of new water projects are bound to contribute to the consideration of conservation alternatives. (p. 66)
Calls for a water conservation strategy:
None of the states or provinces has developed a comprehensive water conservation strategy. (p. 45)
We need to develop a basinwide Sustainable Great Lakes Water Strategy. Each government should adopt the strategy in a way that makes it legally binding, and change their laws, regulations and programmes to ensure that the strategy is carried out. (p. 79)
Next time, I’ll review just what a 1997 water conservation strategy looks like. I’m thinking it will be surprisingly similar to what we’re asking for today…